1군 2군 발암물질 리스트 총정리

건강팔복 2023. 3. 20.

발암물질란 암을 일으키거나 일으킬 수 있는 물질을 말합니다. 그중에서 1급 발암물질은 암을 일으키는 것이 확인된 물질로 가장 피해야 하는 물질들이죠. 종류가 많기 때문에 여기서는 1군 발암물질 리스트만 정리해 보았습니다.

국제암연구소(IARC)에서는 암을 일으키는 물질을 조사해서 등급을 나누어 놓았습니다. 등급은 1군, 2A군, 2B군, 3군 총 4개로 분류되어 있습니다.

▼발암물질 등급 기준

1군: 암을 일으키는 것으로 확인됨
2A군: 암을 일으킨다고 추정됨
2B군: 암을 일으킬 가능성이 있음
3군: 발암물질이 없을 것으로 추정됨

현재 분류된 1군 발암물질은 122가지, 2A군은 93가지, 2B군은 319가지, 3군은 501가지가 있습니다. (IARC 2022년 9월 12일 업데이트 기준)

1군 발암물질 리스트

국제암연구소(IARC)에서 공표한 암을 일으키는 것으로 확인된 1군 발암물질은 총122가지입니다.

1군 발암물질 리스트에는 우리가 익히 알고 있는 술, 담배, 자외선, 석면, 라돈, 미세먼지, 각종 공사장 먼지, 헬리코박터 파일로리, 그을음(연기), 디젤 차량 배기가스, 엑스선 등등이 포함되어 있습니다.

햄이나 스팸같은 가공육은 물론이고 최근에는 한국인이 자주 먹는 젓갈까지 1군 발암물질로 분류되었습니다. 소금 자체는 발암물질이 아니지만 소금의 아질산염이 젓갈의 단백질과 만나면 위암을 발생시키는 1군 발암물질이 생성된다고 합니다.

Acheson process, occupational exposure associated with
Acid mists, strong inorganic
Alcoholic beverages (알코올음료, 술)
Aluminium production (알루미늄 제품)
Areca nut (빈랑 열매)
Auramine production
Benzidine, dyes metabolized to
Betel quid with tobacco (빈랑 잎)
Betel quid without tobacco (빈랑 잎)
Coal gasification
Coal, indoor emissions from household combustion of
Coke production
Engine exhaust, diesel (디젤 엔진 배기가스)
Epstein-Barr virus
Estrogen therapy, postmenopausal (폐경 이후 에스트로겐 치료)
Estrogen-progestogen menopausal therapy (combined)
Estrogen-progestogen oral contraceptives (combined)
Firefighter (occupational exposure as a)
Fission products, including strontium-90
Fluoro-edenite fibrous amphibole
Haematite mining (underground)
Hepatitis B virus (chronic infection with) (만성 B형 간염)
Hepatitis C virus (chronic infection with) (만성 C형 간염)
Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (infection with)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 18
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 33
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 31, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59
Ionizing radiation (all types) (전리방사선)
Iron and steel founding (occupational exposure during) (철강 주조 공정에 노출)
Isopropyl alcohol manufacture using strong acids
Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus
Leather dust (가죽 분진)
MOPP and other combined chemotherapy including alkylating agents
Magenta production (마젠타 염료 생산 골정)
Mineral oils, untreated or mildly treated (정제되지 않은 미네랄 오일)
Neutron radiation (중성자선)
Nickel compounds (니켈 화합물)
Opium consumption (아편)
Outdoor air pollution (대기 오염)
Outdoor air pollution, particulate matter in (미세먼지)
Painter (occupational exposure as a) (페인트 작업)
Phenacetin, analgesic mixtures containing
Polychlorinated biphenyls, dioxin-like, with a Toxicity Equivalency Factor (TEF) according to WHO (PCBs 77, 81, 105, 114, 118, 123, 126, 156, 157, 167, 169, 189)
Processed meat (consumption of) (가공육-햄, 스팸 등)
Radioiodines, including iodine-131
Radionuclides, alpha-particle-emitting, internally deposited
Radionuclides, beta-particle-emitting, internally deposited
Rubber manufacturing industry (고무 제조 산업)
Salted fish, Chinese-style (중국식 절인 생선)
Solar radiation (see Ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths 100–400 nm, encompassing UVA, UVB, and UVC); Ultraviolet radiation from welding; and Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices) (태양광)
Soot (as found in occupational exposure of chimney sweeps) (그을음)
Tobacco smoke, second-hand (담배 연기, 간접흡연)
Tobacco smoking (흡연)
Tobacco, smokeless (씹는담배)
Ultraviolet radiation from welding (see Ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths 100–400 nm, encompassing UVA, UVB, and UVC); Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices; and Solar radiation) (용접 자외선)
Ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths 100–400 nm, encompassing UVA, UVB, and UVC) (see Ultraviolet radiation from welding; Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices; and Solar radiation) (자외선)
Ultraviolet-emitting tanning devices (see Ultraviolet radiation (wavelengths 100–400 nm, encompassing UVA, UVB, and UVC); Ultraviolet radiation from welding; and Solar radiation) (태닝 기계 자외선)
Welding fumes (용접 먼지)
Wood dust (나무 먼지)
X- and Gamma-Radiation (X선, 감마선)
Radon-222 and its decay products (라돈-222)
4,4'-Methylenebis(2-chloroaniline) (MOCA)
Tamoxifen (타목시펜)
1,3-Butadiene
Radium-224 and its decay products (라듐-224)
Asbestos (all forms, including actinolite, amosite, anthophyllite, chrysotile, crocidolite, tremolite) (석면)
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Semustine [1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-(4-methylcyclohexyl)-1-nitrosourea, Methyl-CCNU]
Radium-226 and its decay products
Aflatoxins
Phosphorus-32, as phosphate
Melphalan
Silica dust, crystalline, in the form of quartz or cristobalite
Radium-228 and its decay products
N'-Nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin
Chromium (VI) compounds
Methoxsalen (8-methoxypsoralen) plus ultraviolet A radiation
Treosulfan
Chlorambucil
Aristolochic acid
Aristolochic acid, plants containing
Etoposide
Etoposide in combination with cisplatin and bleomycin
Azathioprine
Chlornaphazine
Formaldehyde
Cyclophosphamide
Benzo[a]pyrene(벤조피렌)
Sulfur mustard (겨자향 가스)
Thiotepa
Bis(chloromethyl)ether; chloromethyl methyl ether (technical-grade)
Busulfan
Diethylstilbestrol
2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran
3,4,5,3’,4’-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126)
Lindane (see also Hexachlorocyclohexanes)
Cyclosporine
Phenacetin (페나세틴)
Ethanol in alcoholic beverages (에탄올 음료)
Coal-tar pitch
Erionite
Shale oils (셰일 오일)
Benzene (벤젠)
Plutonium (플루토늄)
Thorium-232 and its decay products
Arsenic and inorganic arsenic compounds
Beryllium and beryllium compounds
Cadmium and cadmium compounds
Vinyl chloride (염화비닐)
Acetaldehyde associated with consumption of alcoholic beverages (아세트알데히드)
Ethylene oxide
1,2-Dichloropropane
Trichloroethylene
Coal-tar distillation
Pentachlorophenol (see also Polychlorophenols)
2-Naphthylamine
4-Aminobiphenyl
Benzidine
ortho-Toluidine

2A군 발암물질 리스트

2A군 발암물질은 암을 일으킨다고 추정되는 물질로 현재 총 93가지가 있습니다.

Androgenic (anabolic) steroids
Art glass, glass containers and pressed ware (manufacture of)
Biomass fuel (primarily wood), indoor emissions from household combustion of
Carbon electrode manufacture
Frying, emissions from high-temperature
Hairdresser or barber (occupational exposure as a)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) type 68
Lead compounds, inorganic
Malaria (caused by infection with Plasmodium falciparum in holoendemic areas)
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)
Night shift work
Nitrate or nitrite (ingested) under conditions that result in endogenous nitrosation (질산염, 아질산염)
Non-arsenical insecticides (occupational exposures in spraying and application of)
Petroleum refining (occupational exposures in)
Red meat (consumption of)
Soluble cobalt(II) salts
Trivalent antimony
Very hot beverages at above 65 °C (drinking)
Styrene
Epichlorohydrin
Glycidyl methacrylate
Ethylene dibromide
Acrolein
Glyphosate
Pioglitazone
1,3-Propane sultone
Tetrafluoroethylene
Malathion
Tris(2,3-dibromopropyl) phosphate
Tetrachloroethylene (Perchloroethylene)
1-(2-Chloroethyl)-3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU)
ortho-Anisidine hydrochloride (see also ortho-Anisidine)
3,3′,4,4′-Tetrachloroazobenzene
Aniline hydrochloride (see also Aniline)
2-Mercaptobenzothiazole
Bischloroethyl nitrosourea (BCNU)
Cisplatin
Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene
Indium phosphide
Dibenz[a,j]acridine
Adriamycin
Captafol
Cyclopenta[cd]pyrene
Teniposide
Hydrazine
Chloral hydrate
Azacitidine
Diazinon
Procarbazine hydrochloride
Silicon carbide whiskers
5-Methoxypsoralen
DDT (4,4'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane)
Nitrogen mustard
Ethyl carbamate (Urethane)
Dibenz[a,h]anthracene
1,2-Dimethylhydrazine
Chlorozotocin
N-Nitrosodiethylamine
1-Nitropyrene
Glycidol
Chloramphenicol
Vinyl bromide
Polybrominated biphenyls
Dieldrin, and aldrin metabolized to dieldrin
Aniline (see also Aniline hydrochloride)
N-Nitrosodimethylamine
Diethyl sulfate
Bitumens, occupational exposure to oxidized bitumens and their emissions during roofing
Methyl methanesulfonate
N,N-Dimethylformamide
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourea
N-Methyl-N´-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)
1,1,1-Trichloroethane
Cobalt metal (without tungsten carbide or other metal alloys)
Cobalt metal with tungsten carbide
6-Nitrochrysene
Vinyl fluoride
Dichloromethane (Methylene chloride)
Chloral
N-Ethyl-N-nitrosourea
IQ (2-Amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline)
Dimethyl sulfate
Acrylamide
Dimethylcarbamoyl chloride
Tetrabromobisphenol A
Creosotes
2-Nitrotoluene
ortho-Anisidine (see also ortho-Anisidine hydrochloride)
ortho-Nitroanisole
4-Chloro-ortho-toluidine
Styrene-7,8-oxide
1,2,3-Trichloropropane
alpha-Chlorinated toluenes (benzal chloride, benzotrichloride, benzyl chloride) and benzoyl chloride (combined exposures)

2B군 발암물질 리스트

2B군은 암을 일으킬 가능성이 있는 물질로 현재 총 319가지가 있습니다.

Aloe vera, whole leaf extract
Schistosoma japonicum (infection with)
Arecoline
BK polyomavirus (BKV)
Bitumens, occupational exposure to hard bitumens and their emissions during mastic asphalt work
Bracken fern
Carpentry and joinery
Chlorinated paraffins of average carbon chain length C12 and average degree of chlorination approximately 60%
Chlorophenoxy herbicides
Diesel fuel, marine
Dry cleaning (occupational exposures in)
Engine exhaust, gasoline
Fuel oils, residual (heavy)
Gasoline
Goldenseal root powder
Hexachlorocyclohexanes
Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (infection with)
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 26, 53, 66, 67, 70, 73, 82
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 30, 34, 69, 85, 97
Human papillomavirus (HPV) types 5 and 8 (in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis)
Implanted foreign bodies of metallic cobalt, metallic nickel and an alloy powder containing 66-67% nickel, 13-16% chromium, and 7% iron
JC polyomavirus (JCV)
Magnetic fields, extremely low-frequency
Metallic implants prepared as thin smooth films
Methylmercury compounds
Pickled vegetables (traditional Asian)
Polychlorophenols and their sodium salts (mixed exposures) (see Pentachlorophenol; 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol)
Polymeric implant prepared as thin smooth films (with the exception of poly-glycolic acid)
Printing processes (occupational exposures in)
Progestins
Progestogen-only contraceptives
Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields
Refractory ceramic fibres
Special-purpose fibres such as E-glass and '475' glass fibres
Textile manufacturing industry (work in)
Weapons-grade tungsten (with nickel and cobalt) alloy
4-Chloronitrobenzene
para-Nitroanisole
4-Vinylcyclohexene
Ethylbenzene
N-Nitrosopiperidine
Sterigmatocystin
Michler’s base [4,4´-methylenebis(N,N-dimethyl)benzenamine]
4,4'-Methylenedianiline
4,4'-Diaminodiphenyl ether
Diglycidyl resorcinol ether
Microcystin-LR
2-Ethylhexyl acrylate
PhIP (2-Amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine)
3,7-Dinitrofluoranthene
N-Nitrosomethylethylamine
para-Dichlorobenzene
para-Chloroaniline
4-Vinylcyclohexene diepoxide
1,2-Epoxybutane
1-Bromopropane
1,2-Dichloroethane
Acrylonitrile
Vinyl acetate
Methyl isobutyl ketone
Melamine
1-Bromo-3-chloropropane
Tetrahydrofuran
Furan
Pyridine
Bleomycins
Diethanolamine
N-Nitrosodiethanolamine
Azaserine
Chlorendic acid
Fusarium moniliforme, toxins derived from (fumonisin B1, fumonisin B2, and fusarin C)
Fumonisin B1
Dantron (Chrysazin; 1,8-Dihydroxyanthraquinone)
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate
Hexachlorobenzene
Benzophenone
3,3'-Dimethoxybenzidine (ortho-Dianisidine)
3,3'-Dimethylbenzidine (ortho-Tolidine)
para-Cresidine
Catechol
>2,4-Dinitrotoluene
Palygorskite (Attapulgite) (long fibres, > 5 micrometres)
Diphenylamine
Phenyl glycidyl ether
1,2-Diphenylhydrazine
β-Myrcene
1,4-Dioxane
Methylarsonic acid
Primidone
Griseofulvin
Nitrogen mustard N-oxide
Chloroprene
N,N-Dimethylacetamide
2-Methyl-1-nitroanthraquinone (uncertain purity)
1-Hydroxyanthraquinone
Leucomalachite green (see also Malachite green)
Cobalt(II) oxide
Molybdenum trioxide
Vanadium pentoxide
Sodium ortho-phenylphenate
N-Nitrososarcosine
Carbon black
Titanium dioxide
Cupferron
Phenazopyridine hydrochloride
Nitrilotriacetic acid and its salts
4,4'-Thiodianiline
Aramite®
Ethyl acrylate
Thiouracil
2,4-Hexadienal
Chlordecone (Kepone)
Talc-based body powder (perineal use of)
Cycasin
Aziridine
Trimethylolpropane triacrylate, technical grade
1,2-Diethylhydrazine
Benzyl violet 4B
3-Nitrobenzanthrone
Nitrofen (technical-grade)
Streptozotocin
Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene
Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene
Chlorothalonil
Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene
7H-Dibenzo[c,g]carbazole
Benzo[c]phenanthrene
Benz[j]aceanthrylene
Benzo[j]fluoranthene
Benzo[b]fluoranthene
Benzo[k]fluoranthene
Digoxin
Daunomycin
Chrysene
Tetrachlorvinphos
Dibenz[c,h]acridine
3,9-Dinitrofluoranthene
Dibenz[a,h]acridine
Riddelliine
Mirex
1-Butyl glycidyl ether
CI Direct Blue 15
Disperse Blue 1
Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA)
trans-2-[(Dimethylamino)methylimino]-5-[2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-vinyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole
A-alpha-C (2-Amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)
Oil Orange SS
Toluene diisocyanates
Benzofuran
HC Blue No. 1
CI Direct Blue 218
3,3'-Dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
Diisopropyl sulfate
Lasiocarpine
Ochratoxin A
Zidovudine (AZT)
beta-Butyrolactone
Carbon nanotubes, multiwalled MWCNT-7
Silicon carbide, fibrous
Monocrotaline
Dibromoacetonitrile
2,2-Bis(bromomethyl)propane-1,3-diol
Caffeic acid
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA)
Ponceau 3R
2-(2-Formylhydrazino)-4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)thiazole
AF-2 [2-(2-Furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl)acrylamide]
5-Methylchrysene
Pentosan polysulfate sodium
Ponceau MX
Nafenopin
5-(Morpholinomethyl)-3-[(5-nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-oxazolidinone
Triamterene
Crotonaldehyde
1,6-Dinitropyrene
1,8-Dinitropyrene
Dacarbazine
Metronidazole
N-Nitrosomethylvinylamine
Auramine
Phenobarbital
Mitomycin C
Tetranitromethane
Indium tin oxide
Propylthiouracil
Amsacrine
1-Chloro-2-methylpropene
Merphalan
N-[4-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]acetamide
Carrageenan, degraded (Poligeenan)
Isobutyl nitrite
1,3-Dichloropropene (technical-grade)
Gentian violet (see also Leucogentian violet)
1-[(5-Nitrofurfurylidene)amino]-2-imidazolidinone
Bromochloroacetic acid
Methylthiouracil
Carbon tetrachloride
Parathion
Benz[a]anthracene
3-Chloro-2-methylpropene, technical grade
CI Basic Red 9
1,1-Dimethylhydrazine
Phenytoin
beta-Propiolactone
Chlordane
1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol
4-Nitropyrene
Hydrochlorothiazide
N-Nitrosomorpholine
Methylazoxymethanol acetate
Sulfasalazine
para-Aminoazobenzene
para-Dimethylaminoazobenzene
Acetamide
3-(N-Nitrosomethylamino)propionitrile
5-Nitroacenaphthene
Oxazepam
2,6-Dinitrotoluene
2-Nitrofluorene
Niridazole
2,4-Dichloro-1-nitrobenzene
N,N'-Diacetylbenzidine
2,4-Diaminoanisole
ortho-Phenylenediamine dihydrochloride
N-Methyl-N-nitrosourethane
Ethyl methanesulfonate
Thioacetamide
Dichlorvos
N-Nitrosodi-n-propylamine
Trp-P-1 (3-Amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole)
Trp-P-2 (3-Amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole)
Phenoxybenzamine hydrochloride
1,1,1,2-Tetrachloroethane
Dibromoacetic acid
Magenta
Citrus Red No. 2
CI Acid Red 114
Mitoxantrone
Uracil mustard
Chloroform
Hexachloroethane
Glu-P-2 (2-Aminodipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole)
Glu-P-1 (2-Amino-6-methyldipyrido[1,2-a:3',2'-d]imidazole)
Hexamethylphosphoramide
MeA-alpha-C (2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole)
Coconut oil diethanolamine condensate
2-Methylimidazole
Medroxyprogesterone acetate
2-Amino-5-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole
Trypan blue
Lead
Nickel, metallic
Zalcitabine
Acetaldehyde
Bromodichloromethane
Vinylidene chloride
Nitromethane
2-Methylaziridine (Propyleneimine)
Propylene oxide
Dimethylarsinic acid
1,3-Dinitropyrene
Trichloroacetic acid
Heptachlor
Glycidaldehyde
Phenolphthalein
MeIQ (2-Amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline)
3-Chloro-4-(dichloromethyl)-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone
MeIQx (2-Amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline)
Potassium bromate
Isophorone
Isoprene
1,1,2,2-Tetrachloroethane
Dichloroacetic acid
2-Nitropropane
Panfuran S (containing dihydroxymethylfuratrizine)
Toxaphene (Polychlorinated camphenes)
Bitumens, occupational exposure to straight-run bitumens and their emissions during road paving
1-Amino-2,4-dibromoanthraquinone
Trichlormethine (Trimustine hydrochloride)
4-Methylimidazole
4,4'-Methylene bis(2-methylaniline)
Anthraquinone
Carbazole
>2,6-Dimethylaniline (2,6-Xylidine)
2,4,6-Trichlorophenol (see also Polychlorophenols)
2-Chloronitrobenzene
1,4-Dichloro-2-nitrobenzene
Pulegone
Michler’s ketone [4,4´-Bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone]
Kava extract
Iron-dextran complex
Ginkgo biloba extract
Naphthalene
Quinoline
3,3'-Dichlorobenzidine
N-Nitrosodi-n-butylamine
N-Methylolacrylamide
Methyleugenol
N-Nitrosopyrrolidine
Dihydrosafrole
Safrole
2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) (See also Chlorophenoxy herbicides)
Sulfallate
ortho-Phenylenediamine
2,4-Diaminotoluene
4-Chloro-ortho-phenylenediamine
2-Amino-4-chlorophenol
1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane
2,3-Dibromopropan-1-ol
1,3-Dichloro-2-propanol
3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol
Methyl acrylate
ortho-Aminoazotoluene
Furfuryl alcohol
4-Chlorobenzotrifluoride
Cumene
α-Methylstyrene
Nitrobenzene
N,N-Dimethyl-p-toluidine